Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia
PART THREE Property Law ................................................................................ 195
CHAPTER 1 Various Classes of Property ................................................................................... 197
SUB-CHAPTER 1 Property and Aggregations of Property in General (Sections 841-849) ..... 197
SUB-CHAPTER 2 Principal and Auxiliary Property ................................................................ 198
I. General Provisions (Sections 850-853) ............................................................................. 198
II. Essential Parts of Principal Property (Section 854) ......................................................... 199
III. Fruits (Sections 855-856) ................................................................................................ 199
IV. Appurtenances (Sections 857-862) .................................................................................. 199
V. Encumbrances and Expenditures (Sections 863-869) ...................................................... 201
SUB-CHAPTER 3 Division of Property on the Basis of its Value (Sections 870-874) ............ 202
CHAPTER 2 Possession ................................................................................................................. 203 SUB-CHAPTER 1 General Provisions (Sections 875-877) ...................................................... 203 SUB-CHAPTER 2 Acquiring Possession (Sections 878-895) ................................................... 203 SUB-CHAPTER 3 Continuation and Termination of Possession (Sections 896-908) .............. 206 SUB-CHAPTER 4 Forms of Possession (Sections 909-910) .................................................... 208
SUB-CHAPTER 5 Rights Arising from Possession (Section 911) ............................................ 208 I. Protection of Existing Possession (Sections 912-919) ...................................................... 209 II. Renewal of Possession Taken Away (Sections 920-926) ................................................. 210
CHAPTER 3 Ownership ................................................................................................................ 211
SUB-CHAPTER 1 General Provisions (Sections 927-929) ...................................................... 211
SUB-CHAPTER 2 Acquisition of Ownership ........................................................................... 211 I. Acquisition of Ownership by Appropriation ..................................................................... 211 1. General Provisions (Sections 930-931) ....................................................................... 211 2. Catching of Animals (Sections 932-939) .................................................................... 212 3. Finding of Property (Sections 940-954) ...................................................................... 213 II. Acquiring Ownership of the Fruits of Property (Sections 955-959) ............................... 215 III. Acquisition of Ownership by Augmentation .................................................................. 216 1. Joining of One Parcel of Land to Another (Sections 960-967) ................................... 216 2. Erection of Buildings (Sections 968-972) ................................................................... 217 3. Sowing and Planting (Sections 973-979) .................................................................... 218
21 Contents
4. Augmentation by Joining Movable Property
and Processing Property of Another (Sections 980-986) ............................................ 219
IV. Acquisition of Ownership Pursuant to Delivery (Sections 987-997) ............................. 221 V. Acquisition of Property Through Prescription (Sections 998-999) ................................. 223 1. Subject-matter that May be Acquired Through Prescription (Sections 1000-1005) .. 223 2. The Legal Basis of Possession (Sections 1006-1012) ................................................ 224 3. Possessor in Good Faith (Sections 1013-1017) .......................................................... 225 4. Uninterrupted Possession (Sections 1018-1022) ........................................................ 226 5. Term of Prescription (Sections 1023-1024) ................................................................ 227 6. Legal Opportunity of Owners to Use Their Ownership Rights (Sections 1025-1029) .... 228 7. Proof of Prescription (Sections 1030-1031) ................................................................ 228
SUB-CHAPTER 3 Termination of Ownership (Sections 1032-1035) ....................................... 229
SUB-CHAPTER 4 Rights of an Owner ..................................................................................... 230 I. General Provisions (Sections 1036-1041) ......................................................................... 230 II. Rights of Owners in regard to Immovable Property in General (Sections 1042-1043) .. 230 III. Ownership Actions (Sections 1044-1066) ...................................................................... 231
SUB-CHAPTER 5 Restrictions on Ownership .......................................................................... 234 I. Restrictions which Relate to Ownership in All its Scope (Sections 1067-1075) ............. 234 II. Restrictions on the Right to Alienate Ownership (Sections 1076-1081) ......................... 237 III. Restrictions on Rights of Use regarding Ownership (Section 1082) ............................. 238
1. Restrictions on Rights of Use
regarding Structures and Buildings (Sections 1083-1092) ......................................... 238
2. Restrictions on the Right of Use of Installations and Gardens (Sections 1093-1101) ... 240 3. Restrictions on the Right of Use of Water (Sections 1102-1127) ............................... 242 4. Restrictions on the Right to Use of Forests (Sections 1128-1129) ............................. 245
CHAPTER 4 Servitudes ................................................................................................................ 246
SUB-CHAPTER 1 General Provisions (Sections 1130-1140) ................................................... 246
SUB-CHAPTER 2 Real Servitudes ............................................................................................ 247 I. General Provisions (Sections 1141-1154) .......................................................................... 247 II. Individual Rural Servitudes (Section 1155) ..................................................................... 249
1. Servitude of Right of Way (Sections 1156-1161) ........................................................ 249
2. Servitude of Right of Use of Water (Sections 1162-1171) .......................................... 250 III. Individual Servitudes of Buildings (Sections 1172-1173) .............................................. 251 1. Right of Support (Sections 1174-1178) ....................................................................... 251 2. Right of Installation (Sections 1179-1180) .................................................................. 252 3. Right of Building Projection (Section 1181) ............................................................... 252 4. Right of Drainage (Sections 1182-1184) ..................................................................... 252 5. Right of Water Disposal (Sections 1185-1186) ........................................................... 252 6. Right of Building Height (Section 1187) .................................................................... 253 7. Right of Light (Section 1188) ...................................................................................... 253 8. Right of View (Section 1189) ...................................................................................... 253
SUB-CHAPTER 3 Personal Servitudes ..................................................................................... 253 I. Usufructuary Rights ........................................................................................................... 253 1. General Provisions (Sections 1190-1194) ................................................................... 253 2. Ordinary Usufructuary Rights (Sections 1195-1224) ................................................. 254 3. Extraordinary Usufructuary Rights (Sections 1225-1226) ......................................... 258 II. Right of Dwelling (Sections 1227-1230) ......................................................................... 258
SUB-CHAPTER 4 Establishment of Servitudes (Sections 1231-1236) .................................... 258
SUB-CHAPTER 5 Termination of Servitudes ........................................................................... 259 I. General Basis of Termination (Sections 1237-1256) ........................................................ 259 II. Special Forms of Termination of Personal Servitudes (Sections 1257-1259) ................. 263
Contents 22
CHAPTER 5 Real Charges ........................................................................................................... 264
SUB-CHAPTER 1 General Provisions (Sections 1260-1269) .................................................. 264
SUB-CHAPTER 2 Establishment and Termination of Real Charges ........................................ 265 I. Establishment of Real Charges (Section 1270) ................................................................. 265 II. Termination of Real Charges (Sections 1271-1276) ........................................................ 265 III. Forms of Real Charges (Section 1277) ........................................................................... 266
CHAPTER 6 Pledge Rights ........................................................................................................... 267
SUB-CHAPTER 1 General Provisions (Sections 1278-1279) .................................................. 267 I. A Claim Secured by Pledge (Sections 1280-1293) ........................................................... 267 II. Subject-matter of Pledge Right (Sections 1294-1300) .................................................... 270 III. Scope of Pledge Right (Sections 1301-1303) ................................................................. 270 IV. Establishment of Pledge Right (Sections 1304-1308) .................................................... 271 V. Termination of Pledge Rights (Sections 1309-1314) ....................................................... 272 VI. Consequences of Pledge Right ....................................................................................... 273
1. Rights of Pledger or Pledge Debtor (Sections 1315-1318) ......................................... 273 2. Rights of a Pledge Creditor or Pledgee (Sections 1319-1339) ................................... 273
SUB-CHAPTER 2 Possessory Pledge ....................................................................................... 276 I. Establishment of Possessory Pledge (Sections 1340-1346) .............................................. 276 II. Rights and Obligations of Possessory Pledgees (Sections 1347-1357) ........................... 278 III. Termination of Possessory Pledge Right (Sections 1358-1361) .................................... 279
SUB-CHAPTER 3 Usufructuary Pledges (Sections 1362-1366) .............................................. 280
SUB-CHAPTER 4 Mortgages of Immovable Property ............................................................. 281 I. Establishment of Mortgages (Sections 1367-1373) .......................................................... 281 II. Extension and Discharge of Mortgages (Sections 1374-1380) ....................................... 282
CHAPTER 7 Right of Pre-emption .............................................................................................. 284
SUB-CHAPTER 1 Establishment and Use of Right of Pre-emption (Sections 1381-1389) .... 284
SUB-CHAPTER 2 Consequences of Right of Pre-emption ...................................................... 286 I. Duties of an Acquirer to a Pre-emptor (Sections 1390-1393) ........................................... 286 II. Duties of an Alienor to a Pre-emptor (Section 1394) ...................................................... 286 III. Duties of an Alienor to an Acquirer (Sections 1395-1396) ............................................ 287
SUB-CHAPTER 3 Termination of Right of Pre-emption (Sections 1397-1400) ...................... 287